# Christopher Young Opticians Exceptional eyecare. Individual eyewear. - Site: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/ ## Why Do My Eyes Feel Dry in Winter? - Link: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/blog-winter-dry-eye/ - Published: 2026-11-06T16:13:47+00:00 - Author: Christopher Young Opticians _By Christopher Young, Optometrist, Christopher Young Opticians, Shepton Mallet_ Every winter, once the heating goes on, I hear the same things in the consulting room. “My eyes feel gritty.” “They’re tired by mid-afternoon.” And, more puzzling for many people, “My eyes keep watering.” All three can be signs of dry eye, and winter is when it tends to be worst. ## What is dry eye? Each blink spreads a thin tear film across the front of your eye. It is not just water. An oily outer layer, made by small glands along the edges of your eyelids( the meibomian glands), slows evaporation of the watery layer beneath. Dry eye is now defined as a loss of balance in that tear film, which leads to irritation and inflammation of the eye’s surface (Craig et al., 2017). In most people the problem is not a lack of tears but tears evaporating too fast. In one clinic study, 86% of people with dry eye had meibomian gland dysfunction (Lemp et al., 2012). ## Why winter makes it worse Central heating lowers indoor humidity. In a controlled study, an hour in very dry air made tears evaporate faster and the tear film less stable, to the point where healthy eyes resembled those of dry eye patients (Abusharha and Pearce, 2013). Car heaters blowing at your face have a similar effect. Dark evenings also mean more time on screens. When we concentrate on a screen, we blink far less: one study found blink rate fell around five-fold during screen use( Patel et al., 1991). Fewer blinks means the tear film is refreshed less often. ## Common signs * Gritty, sandy or burning eyes * Eyes that feel tired or heavy later in the day * Redness * Vision that blurs, then clears when you blink * Contact lenses becoming uncomfortable * Watery eyes. When the surface dries, the eye can produce a flood of reflex tears that do not do the job properly. ## What you can do at home **Take screen breaks.** The College of Optometrists suggests the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something about 20 feet away for about 20 seconds (College of Optometrists, n.d.). To be honest about the evidence, it is modest. In a two- week trial, reminders to follow the rule reduced dry eye and eye strain symptoms, but the benefit faded a week after the reminders stopped (Talens-Estarelles et al., 2022). It only helps while you keep doing it. **Redirect the airflow.** Angle car vents away from your face and avoid sitting directly in front of a heater. A humidifier in a room you use a lot may help. **Look after your eyelids.** Warming the lids and keeping them clean is a standard first step in managing dry eye (Jones et al., 2017). The right method depends on the cause, so ask us before you start. Lubricating drops help many people, but there are dozens of types and they are not all the same. If you have tried a few without much change, it usually means we need to find the cause rather than keep treating the symptoms. ## How we assess dry eye In our Dry Eye Clinic we use a specialist instrument called the Oculus Keratograph 5M, which examines your eyes without touching them. With it we can: * Measure how quickly your tear film breaks up after a blink * Check the height of the tear layer along your lower lid * Image the oil glands in your eyelids to see whether they are blocked or have shrunk * Grade the redness of your eyes, so we can track progress We show you the images on screen, so you can see what is happening. We compare them at each follow-up visit. ## Treatment Once we know the cause, we agree a plan that fits your eyes and your routine. Depending on what we find, it may include: * Zest lid cleaning * Intense Pulsed Light Therapy * Low Level Light Therapy Dry eye is usually a long-term condition. In-house treatments can help a great deal, but daily maintenance is often essential to maintain comfort, along with regular refresher treatments. ## When should you be seen quickly? A painful red eye, new sensitivity to light or a sudden change in vision should be checked promptly. Call us on 01749 345259, or NHS 111 out of hours. ## Book an Appointment If your eyes have bothered you for more than a couple of weeks, or chemist drops are not helping, I would be glad to see you. [Book a Dry Ey](https://cyoungopticians.mysight.uk/choose-appointment-type) [e Clinic appointment online](https://cyoungopticians.mysight.uk/choose-appointment-type) or call 01749 345259. _Struggling with glare on dark evenings too? Read my guide to [night driving and glare](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/blog-night-driving-glare/)._ ### References * Abusharha AA, Pearce EI (2013). [The effect of low humidity on the human tear film](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23023409/). _Cornea_. * College of Optometrists (n.d.). [Screen use](https://lookafteryoureyes.org/eye-care/screen-use). Look After Your Eyes. * Craig JP et al. (2017). [TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28736335/). _The Ocular Surface_. * Jones L et al. (2017). [TFOS DEWS II Management and Therapy Report](https://research.aston.ac.uk/en/publications/tfos-dews-ii-management-and-therapy-report/). _The Ocular Surface_. * Lemp MA, Crews LA, Bron AJ et al. (2012). Distribution of aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye in a clinic-based patient cohort: a retrospective study. _Cornea_ 31(5):472–478. * Patel S et al. (1991). [Effect of visual display unit use on blink rate and tear stability](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1766652/). _Optometry and Vision Science_. * Talens-Estarelles C et al. (2022). [The effects of breaks on digital eye strain, dry eye and binocular vision: testing the 20-20-20 rule](https://research.aston.ac.uk/en/publications/the-effects-of-breaks-on-digital-eye-strain-dry-eye-and-binocular/). _Contact Lens and Anterior Eye_. ## Dazzled by Headlights? Night Driving and Your Eyes - Link: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/blog-night-driving-glare/ - Published: 2026-11-06T16:12:27+00:00 - Author: Christopher Young Opticians _By Christopher Young, Optometrist, Christopher Young Opticians, Shepton Mallet_ Once the clocks go back, most of us drive home in the dark. That is when many patients tell me oncoming headlights seem dazzling, road signs are harder to read, or a drive leaves them more tired than it used to. You are not imagining it, and some of it can be improved. ## You are not alone In 2025 the Transport Research Laboratory surveyed 1,850 UK drivers for the Department for Transport. 96% felt that most or some headlights are too bright, and a third had stopped or cut back on night driving because of glare (TRL, 2025). Whiter headlamps, including many LEDs, appear to be part of the problem. ## Why night driving is harder on your eyes In the dark your pupils open wider to let in more light. That makes small focusing errors more noticeable, so a slight prescription you would never notice by day can make things look soft at night. Contrast also falls, so kerbs, cyclists and pedestrians are harder to pick out. Age plays a part. In a driving simulator study, headlight glare slowed pedestrian detection by about 1.5 seconds in older drivers, against about 0.3 seconds in younger ones (Hwang et al., 2019). The lens inside the eye also becomes less clear with time and can develop into a cataract, which often shows first as glare and halos around lights (NHS 111 Wales, n.d.). ## What helps **Consider all the optical surfaces the light from headlights has to pass through it reaches the back of your eyes:** * **Make sure your windscreen is clean**, inside and out. A film on the inside causes a surprising amount of glare. Clean it with white vinegar and a soft cloth. * **Replace worn wiper blades.** * **Clean spectacle lenses** (if you wear spectacles) are essential * **Consider driving glasses**, even if there is a small prescription, as correcting even the smallest focusing error can make a significant difference when driving at night * **An up-to-date prescription.** If your glasses are a couple of years old, a small change may make a real difference after dark. * **Reflection Free lenses.** An ordinary lens reflects some of the light that hits it, creating ghost images and extra glare from headlights and street lights. Reflection Free lenses cut those reflections, so more light reaches your eyes. The evidence is limited and dated, but in one small laboratory study, contrast sensitivity under glare was about twice as good with coated lenses as with uncoated ones (Ross and Bradley, 1997). Some reflection-free treatments are even designed specifically to reduce headlight glare. * **Lenses in good condition.** Scratches scatter light, so worn lenses are worth replacing. ## What about yellow “night driving” glasses? I do not recommend them. Any tint cuts the light reaching your eyes, which is the last thing you need in the dark. When researchers tested three brands in a simulator, they did not help drivers spot pedestrians any sooner, with or without glare, and the authors advised against recommending them (Hwang et al., 2019). ## Simple habits * **Do not look straight at oncoming headlights.** Look slightly towards the left edge of the road until the car has passed. * **Dim the dashboard.** A bright display makes it harder for your eyes to adjust to the road. * **Take breaks on long journeys.** Tired, dry eyes cope less well with glare. * **Keep a spare pair of glasses in the car** if you need them to drive. ## Do you meet the driving standard? To drive a car in the UK you must be able to read a modern number plate from 20 metres, with glasses or contact lenses if you need them. You also need to reach 6/12 on a sight test chart and have an adequate field of vision (Association of Optometrists, n.d.). Meeting the standard is the driver’s responsibility, and vision can change slowly without you noticing. ## When to have your eyes checked Book a sight test if glare is getting worse, you see halos or starbursts around lights, or you have started avoiding driving after dark. These are often easy to improve, and sometimes they are an early sign of a cataract worth monitoring. Any sudden change in vision should be checked promptly: call 01749 345259, or NHS 111 out of hours. ## Book an Appointment Our sight tests take 60 minutes, so there is time to talk through how you see on the road. [Book an Appointment online](https://cyoungopticians.mysight.uk/choose-appointment-type) or call 01749 345259. _Eyes feeling gritty or tired this winter too? Read my guide to [winter dry eye](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/blog-winter-dry-eye/)._ ### References * Association of Optometrists (n.d.). [Driving and vision standards](https://www.aop.org.uk/advice-and-support/for-patients/driving-and-vision-standards). * Hwang AD, Tuccar-Burak M, Peli E (2019). [Comparison of pedestrian detection with and without yellow-lens glasses during simulated night driving with and without headlight glare](https://eye.hms.harvard.edu/publications/comparison-pedestrian-detection-and-without-yellow-lens-glasses-during-simulated). _JAMA Ophthalmology_. * NHS 111 Wales (n.d.). [Cataracts in adults](https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/c/article/cataractsinadults). * Ross J, Bradley A (1997). [Visual performance and patient preference: a comparison of anti-reflection coated and uncoated spectacle lenses](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9190135/). _Journal of the American Optometric Association_. * TRL (2025). Headlight glare research for the Department for Transport, reported by [Road Safety GB](https://roadsafetygb.org.uk/news/headlight-glare-a-genuine-issue-for-uk-drivers/) and [Optometry Today](https://www.aop.org.uk/ot/news/2025/11/20/on-the-road-headlight-glare-study-published). ## Christopher Young Opticians turns 40: Chris reflects on four decades in Shepton Mallet - Link: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/christopher-young-opticians-turns-40-chris-reflects-on-four-decades-in-shepton-mallet/ - Published: 2026-10-08T15:57:43+01:00 - Author: Jonathan Sherwin From buying the practice at just 23 to building an independent opticians focused on exceptional eye care, individual eyewear and long-term relationships with clients, Chris reflects on 40 years in Shepton Mallet. _To mark the 40th anniversary, Christopher Young Opticians is offering customers their second pair of lenses free when they buy two complete pairs of glasses. Offer valid until 31st October 2026. [Find out more](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/40-anniversary-special-offer/)._ ### **1. You started working at the practice in October 1986 and bought it 18 months later. What do you remember about those early days, and what made you decide to buy the practice?** When I opened the practice as manager, we weren’t allowed to advertise. Window displays were rare, so we kept blinds across the window. I used to work 2.5 days in Shepton and 2.5 days in Robert Frith’s practice in Yeovil. I was a locum at the time, but I only worked for Robert, albeit in two different practices. However, HMRC frowns on that arrangement, so I told Robert I should either become a salaried optometrist or work for someone else for half the week. We had this discussion at an optical trade fair called Optrafair in Birmingham, and he just said, ‘Do you want to buy the practice?’ I bit his hand off. Arranging finance for the purchase was a bit different then. I was in Shepton Round Table with an employee from Barclays. He put me in touch with his manager in Glastonbury, who came across, looked at the business and offered me the money. It was very simple, and I haven’t looked back. I was only 23 at the time and fairly fresh out of university, so learning how to run a business was an experience. I’ve made a few mistakes along the way, and still do sometimes, but I’ve learnt that I can’t go far wrong if I stick to my principles. ![](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Shopfront-CYO-700x612. jpg) The early years of Christopher Young Opticians   ### **2. What kind of practice did you want Christopher Young Opticians to become?** When Doug and Mary Perkins launched their Specsavers franchise model in the 80s they really opened up the market and broke new ground with their advertising, low prices and mass-market appeal. However, because of the conveyor-belt approach of the high street multiples, I decided to go in the opposite direction. Ask pretty much anyone which sense they are most scared of losing, and 99% would say their sight. Ask the same people what optometrists do, and most would say we test eyes to see if people need glasses. There is often no mention of the healthcare benefits and tests we can use to help preserve sight, the one thing most people fear losing most. I decided that I wanted to provide the highest quality eye care and eyewear whilst also educating my clients about how their visual system works. I wanted to try to take the fear of the unknown out of the eye examination experience: share the anatomy of the eye, show what can go wrong, and explain how we can prevent or fix it. I also wanted to offer the latest products to protect people’s eyes and their health, alongside individual eyewear that makes a statement, gives our clients confidence and helps them define and project their character. ![opticians shepton mallet](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/ 2024/01/Front-Jan-2024-250x188.jpg) ### **3. Are there any particular clients or stories from the last 40 years that have really stayed with you?** We are very lucky to have amazing clients. The clients that stand out are the ones who share their appreciation for how we have changed their lives, whether by providing vision or lifesaving advice, or by encouraging them to wear incredible eyewear they wouldn’t normally have the courage to try. Several of our first clients are still regular visitors today, and they bring along their children and grandchildren. My desire to treat the whole visual system rather than just sell glasses took me down the Behavioural Optometry route. One in five children has some form of learning difficulty. There are many reasons for this, but I can often improve the efficiency of the visual system using both whole-body and eye exercises. This is both the hardest and most rewarding aspect of my work. I get emails from parents years after I have discharged their child telling me of their incredible achievements, unachievable prior to visiting me: _“Our son flourished, reaching his sporting potential and beyond, leading his house to victory in school sports cup. Within a short period of time, his coordination just ‘clicked’ into place and he began swimming at a high level, winning the school trophy and competing at county level. He became an accomplished sailor, basketball- and rugby player. Having always struggled at school, after therapy our son aced his SATs, achieving one of the year’s highest marks in the reading & comprehension papers. The headaches that plagued him previously also disappeared.”_ _“Her physical abilities, coordination was drastically improved in a very short timescale. She went from not being able to catch a ball to first team pitcher in six weeks!”_ ### **4. What have been some milestone moments over this 40-year journey?** Every time we invest in new technology to upgrade our eye care service, it is a milestone for the practice. I have always been an early adopter of technology to aid disease detection and diagnosis. We had the first camera to photograph the back of the eye in the area. This was later replaced by an Optical Coherence Tomographer (OCT), which takes detailed scans of the back of the eyes. It is excellent for detecting early glaucoma as well as macular disease, conditions I go to great lengths to explain to my clients. We are now on our second OCT instrument, and I am using it with the latest [Dr Noon AI software](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/use-ai-to-detect-heart-risks-during-your-sight-test/) to detect cardiovascular disease years before it can cause a problem. Other investments over the years have included iCare, a much more comfortable way to measure eye pressure than the air puff machine, and Intense Pulsed Light and Low-Level Light Therapy for dry eye treatment. We also get excited when we find a new eyewear brand that ticks all our boxes: individual, good-quality frames with excellent supplier support. There aren’t many out there. ### ![](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/CYO_Scan-250x141.png) ### **5. Looking back, what are you most proud of?** I am incredibly proud of the awards we have achieved over the years, at local, regional and national levels. I will never forget the pride in my father’s voice when I told him we had won the Somerset Business Award for customer service. Unfortunately, he died before we won the National Award. ![SBA 2019 Dinner & Awards Shots 030.jpg_](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/wp- content/uploads/2021/03/SBA-2019-Dinner-Awards-Shots-030.jpg_-250x167.jpg) **6. Who has helped you along the way?** None of what I have achieved could have been done alone. I have been extremely lucky to have worked with some amazing people. Sue Voisey helped me get off the ground. The wonderful Mary Bailey brought her energy, enthusiasm and business acumen to the practice. We shared the same vision, goals and sense of humour. My current team, managed by Tracy who keeps me sane and makes me see the lighter side of life when things get tough. And, of course, there is my incredible wife, Rosenn. Her eye for detail, pursuit of perfection, great interior design skills and French flair have helped create the practice as it is now. Her imagination somehow constructs the amazing window displays every five or six weeks. ![the team](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PCJN8581- Enhanced-NR-scaled-e1732812088283-700x429.jpg) ### **7. Any final thoughts as you reflect on 40 years on Shepton High Street?** I count myself very lucky that I have been able to spend forty years working in a much underrated town with wonderful people.   ## Esotropia: When One Eye Turns Inward And How To Correct It. - Link: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/esotropia-when-one-eye-turns-inward/ - Published: 2026-01-27T11:38:36+00:00 - Author: jim james Esotropia occurs when one eye turns inward towards the nose instead of aligning straight ahead. Some people notice it constantly. Others see it appear when they feel tired, stressed, or focusing on close work. Many people associate esotropia with childhood, but adults and older people can develop it too. Changes in vision, cataracts, reduced sight in one eye, or neurological conditions can all trigger an inward eye turn later in life. Adults with esotropia often experience: • Double vision• Eye strain• Headaches• Blurred vision• Reduced depth perception These symptoms can affect reading, driving, and daily confidence. Early assessment makes a real difference. At CYoung Opticians we can measure eye alignment, test vision in each eye, and identify the underlying cause. Treatment may include updated glasses, prism lenses, vision therapy, or referral to an ophthalmologist for further care. If you notice an inward turning eye or persistent visual discomfort, book an eye examination with us today. Small corrections often restore comfort and stability. Your vision should feel effortless — not exhausting. [**#EyeHealth**](https://www.linkedin.com/search/results/all/?keywords=%23eyehealth&origin=HASH_TAG_FROM_FEED) [**#HealthyVision**](https://www.linkedin.com/search/results/all/?keywords=%23healthyvision&origin=HASH_TAG_FROM_FEED) [**#Opticians**](https://www.linkedin.com/search/results/all/?keywords=%23opticians&origin=HASH_TAG_FROM_FEED) [**#AgingWell**](https://www.linkedin.com/search/results/all/?keywords=%23agingwell&origin=HASH_TAG_FROM_FEED) [**#Esotropia **](https://www.linkedin.com/search/results/all/?keywords=%23exotropia&origin=HASH_TAG_FROM_FEED) > [Understanding Common Vision Problems: Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/understanding-common-vision-problems-myopia-hyperopia-astigmatism/) ## Understanding Myopia in Children: Prevention takes just this one step. - Link: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/understanding-myopia-in-children-a-deep-dive/ - Published: 2026-01-27T09:27:51+00:00 - Author: jim james Understanding Myopia in Children: We can solve it if we catch it early. Recent studies have shown a significant increase in myopia among children, attributed partly to increased screen time and reduced outdoor activities. This trend, observed globally, highlights an urgent need for awareness and preventive strategies. Prevention can be straightforward and involves encouraging children to spend more time outdoors. Natural light has been shown to positively influence eye health and can significantly reduce the progression of myopia. Parents and educators can play a pivotal role. By adjusting children’s daily routines to include outdoor activities, we might not just enhance their overall health but also protect their vision. Let’s curb the rise of myopia by promoting healthier habits early on. #eyecare #childrenshealth #myopia #optician #sheptonmallet ## Primitive Reflexes and Vision: Building Strong Foundations for Your Child’s Development - Link: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/primitive-reflexes-and-strong-foundations-for-your-childs-development/ - Published: 2025-10-28T12:53:26+00:00 - Author: Christopher Young Opticians ### Introduction Your child has perfect eyesight yet struggles with reading. They’re intelligent and motivated yet can’t sit still in class. They’re anxious, clumsy, and seem to be struggling with everything, but no one can quite figure out why. If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. Many parents find themselves in this situation, searching for answers and frustrated by the lack of progress despite their best efforts. The good news? The answer might lie in something most people have never heard of: p**rimitive reflexes** and **visual processing disorders like Irlen Syndrome.** At Christopher Young Opticians, we understand that vision is about much more than 20/20 eyesight. It’s about how your child’s entire nervous system develops and how all the pieces work together to support learning, coordination, and emotional well- being. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the critical role of primitive reflexes in child development, how they connect to visual processing through Skeffington’s Circles, and what you need to know about Irlen Syndrome. ### What Are Primitive Reflexes? Primitive reflexes are automatic movements that babies are born with. They’re not learned behaviours, they’re hardwired into the nervous system and serve essential functions during infancy and early childhood. ##### Why Babies Are Born with Reflexes Primitive reflexes help newborns survive and develop during the critical first months of life. They support: * Feeding: The rooting reflex helps babies find the breast or bottle * Protection: The Moro reflex is a startle response that protects against falling * Movement: Reflexes like the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex help babies develop muscle tone and coordination * Exploration: Reflexes like the Palmar Grasp help babies explore their environment These reflexes are essential building blocks. They’re not evolutionary remnants; they’re the foundation upon which all future development is built. #### The Integration Process As the brain matures and develops, these primitive reflexes should gradually disappear( integrate) by around 3-12 months of age. This integration is a sign of healthy neurological development. It means the brain has matured enough to replace automatic responses with voluntary, controlled movements. When a reflex integrates, the child gains more control and flexibility in their responses. They can choose how to react rather than being governed by automatic reflexes. This is essential for learning, coordination, and emotional regulation. #### When Reflexes Don’t Integrate: The Problem For some children, one or more primitive reflexes remain active beyond their developmental window. This is called a retained primitive reflex, and it can have significant consequences for development, learning, and well-being. **Why This Happens** Retained reflexes can result from: * Birth trauma or difficult delivery * Lack of appropriate movement during infancy (e.g., limited crawling, tummy time) * Neurological immaturity or developmental delay * Injury or illness during critical developmental periods * Stress or trauma at any age **The Impact of Retained Reflexes** When a reflex remains active, it continues to trigger automatic responses that interfere with voluntary control. This creates a cascade of difficulties: * Physical Difficulties: * Poor posture and balance * Clumsiness and coordination problems * Difficulty with fine motor skills (writing, drawing) * Fatigue from constantly fighting against automatic responses **Learning Difficulties:** * Reading and writing struggles * Difficulty focusing and sustaining attention * Poor eye tracking and visual processing * Difficulty copying from the board * Academic underperformance **Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties:** * Anxiety and nervousness * Sensory sensitivity and overwhelm * Emotional dysregulation * Difficulty with self-control * Behavioural challenges ### The Cascade Effect: The most important thing to understand is that these difficulties don’t exist in isolation. A retained reflex affecting postural control doesn’t just cause balance problems it disrupts the entire developmental foundation, creating a cascade of difficulties that affects learning, coordination, and emotional well-being. ### Understanding Skeffington’s Circles: The Framework for Development To understand how primitive reflexes affect your child’s development, it’s helpful to know about Skeffington’s Circles. This framework, developed by behavioural optometrist A.M. Skeffington, explains how four interconnected systems work together to support learning, coordination, and overall development. #### The Four Circles Think of Skeffington’s Circles as building blocks. Each circle depends on the other three. Efficient vision is only achieved where all three well developed circles overlap. ![](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/4-kreise-250x243. jpg) #### **Circle 1: The Anti-Gravity Circle (The Foundation) **What It Is:** This circle represents your child’s ability to maintain upright posture and fight against gravity. It’s about postural control, balance, and core strength. **Why It Matters:** Before a child can focus on learning, their body must be able to stay upright against gravity. A baby who can’t hold their head up can’t look around and explore. A child who can’t sit upright can’t focus on reading or writing. **How Retained Reflexes Affect It: Reflexes like the TLR (Tonic Labyrinthine) and STNR (Symmetrical Tonic Neck) are crucial for developing anti-gravity control. When these reflexes remain active, children struggle to maintain a stable posture. #### **Signs of Anti-Gravity Circle Disruption:** * Poor posture or slouching * Difficulty sitting upright for extended periods * Frequent position changes * Fatigue from maintaining posture * Clumsiness or balance problems * Difficulty with stairs or uneven surfaces #### **Circle 2: The Centering Circle – ****Where is it? ****(Balance and Coordination) **What It Is: **This circle represents your child’s ability to coordinate both sides of their body and cross the midline (the imaginary line down the centre of the body). It’s about bilateral coordination and midline crossing. **Why It Matters:** Midline crossing is essential for reading (eyes moving left to right across the page), writing( hand crossing the midline), and coordinated movement (one side of the body working with the other). Without proper centring, children struggle with these fundamental skills. **How Retained Reflexes Affect It:** Reflexes like the ATNR (Asymmetrical Tonic Neck) are crucial for developing midline crossing and bilateral coordination. When this reflex remains active, children have difficulty coordinating both sides of their body. #### Signs of Centering Circle Disruption: - Difficulty crossing the midline (reaching across the body) - Poor bilateral coordination (using both sides together) - Difficulty with eye tracking across a page - Uneven hand dominance or confusion about which hand to use - Difficulty with activities requiring both sides to work together - Reading difficulties (skipping words, losing place) **Circle 3: Identification Circle – What is it? (Eye Movement and Attention) What It Is: This circle represents your child’s ability to move their eyes smoothly and accurately, focus on objects, and maintain attention. It’s about eye tracking, saccades (quick eye movements), and sustained focus. Why It Matters: Reading requires smooth eye movements across the page. Learning requires the ability to focus on the teacher, the board, and written materials. Without proper focus and directional control, children struggle academically. How Retained Reflexes and Irlen Syndrome Affect It: Retained reflexes disrupt the postural and coordination foundation that eye tracking depends on. Irlen Syndrome directly affects visual processing and causes visual discomfort that makes focusing difficult. #### Signs of Focus/Directional Circle Disruption: * Difficulty tracking across a page while reading * Skipping words or lines * Losing place while reading * Difficulty following the teacher’s movements or pointing * Poor eye contact * Difficulty sustaining attention * Appears to “zone out” or daydream * Difficulty copying from the board **Circle 4: Speech / Language (naming) – Auditory Processing What It Is: This is the ability to process what is seen and communicate about it to the outside world. Permits and provides analysis and communications skills. Why It Matters: This allows us to talk about what we observe and share ideas and insights with others. How Retained Reflexes and Irlen Syndrome Affect It: The retained reflex disrupts the individual’s ability to recognise and label objects. This interferes with spelling and processing skills – Irlen Syndrome directly affects the recognition of objects. #### Signs of Speech / Language Disruption: * Poor letter / shape recognition * Difficulty naming letters / objects * Unable to process multiple instructions * Language delay * Auditory Processing difficulties #### The Cascade Effect When the bottom circles (Anti-Gravity and Centering) are disrupted by retained reflexes, the effects cascade upward through the Focus/Directional and Binocular Vision circles. The result is a child who struggles academically and developmentally, even though the root cause is a foundational issue. #### Example: A child with a retained STNR reflex can’t maintain stable posture (Anti-Gravity Circle disrupted). Because posture is unstable, eye tracking is disrupted (Focus/ Directional Circle affected). Because eye tracking is disrupted, reading becomes difficult. Because reading is difficult, academic performance suffers and because academic performance suffers, the child becomes anxious and discouraged. The child appears to have a reading problem, but the real issue is a retained reflex affecting the foundation. #### Irlen Syndrome: A Different Type of Visual Processing Problem While retained primitive reflexes disrupt visual development through postural and coordination problems, visual processing difficulties can also stem from another source: **Irlen Syndrome**. #### What Is Irlen Syndrome? Irlen Syndrome (also called Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome) is a **light-based visual processing problem**. The brain overreacts to light and visual stimuli, creating a variety of visual, physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms. **Important**: Irlen Syndrome is NOT a vision problem. People with Irlen Syndrome can have perfect 20/20 eyesight. It’s a **perceptual processing problem—**how the brain processes visual information, not how the eyes see. #### How Irlen Syndrome Differs from Dyslexia Many parents confuse Irlen Syndrome with dyslexia because both can cause reading difficulties. But they’re fundamentally different: **Irlen Syndrome** is a perceptual/visual processing disorder. The brain overreacts to light and visual stimuli, causing visual discomfort, distortions, and difficulty processing visual information. It affects all visual processing (reading, depth perception, sports, driving). Dyslexia is a language-based learning disability. The brain has difficulty connecting letters with sounds and processing language. It primarily affects language skills( reading, spelling, writing). The Key Difference: A child with dyslexia struggles with phonics. A child with Irlen Syndrome sees distortions on the page. #### Can They Co-Occur? Yes! A person can have **dyslexia AND Irlen Syndrome** at the same time. A child can also have **retained reflexes AND Irlen Syndrome**. This is why comprehensive assessment is so critical: identifying all contributing factors determines the appropriate intervention. #### Signs of Irlen Syndrome * Light Sensitivity * Bothered by bright lights, fluorescent lights, sunlight, or glare * Prefers dim lighting for reading * Complains that lights hurt their eyes * Becomes tired, sleepy, dizzy, or anxious in bright environments * Gets headaches or migraines in bright or fluorescent lighting * Squints frequently or shields eyes from light * Irritable or restless in brightly lit spaces #### **Reading Problems** * Slow or inefficient reading * Poor reading comprehension * Misreads words or sees words incorrectly * Difficulty tracking from line to line * Frequently skips words or lines * Loses place while reading * Takes frequent breaks while reading * Avoids reading activities * Words appear blurry, moving, or disappearing #### Visual Discomfort and Distortions * Eye strain or fatigue * Eyes hurt or become watery * Sees visual distortions on the page (words appear to shimmer, move, or blur) * Print looks different or unstable * Environment looks different or distorted * Attention and Concentration * Difficulty concentrating when reading * Appears to have attention problems (may be misdiagnosed as ADHD) * Can’t sustain focus on visual tasks * Performance deteriorates with extended reading #### Writing Problems * Trouble copying from the board * Unequal spacing between words or letters * Unequal letter size * Writing uphill or downhill * Inconsistent spelling * Depth Perception Issues * Clumsiness or appears accident-prone * Difficulty catching balls * Difficulty judging distances * Extra caution necessary whilst driving (for older children) * Avoids activities requiring depth perception #### Academic and Behavioural Signs * Difficulty with maths computation * Sloppy, careless errors * Misaligned numbers in columns * Difficulty reading music * Lack of motivation * Grades do not reflect effort * Fatigue or tiredness from schoolwork * Strain from computer use * The Solution for Irlen Syndrome Irlen Syndrome is highly treatable with **coloured overlays or spectacle filters**. Many children experience dramatic improvements in reading speed, comprehension, and comfort when they find their optimal colour. A behavioural optometrist trained in Irlen assessment can identify whether light sensitivity is affecting your child’s reading and learning. Additionally, **lighting adjustments** and **environmental modifications** (reducing fluorescent lighting, increasing natural light, adjusting screen brightness) can significantly improve visual comfort and academic performance. ### The Connection: How Retained Reflexes and Irlen Syndrome Both Affect Skeffington’s Circles Both retained reflexes and Irlen Syndrome can disrupt your child’s visual development and learning, but they do so through different mechanisms: **Retained Reflexes** disrupt the Anti-Gravity and Centering Circles through postural instability and coordination problems. This foundational disruption cascades upward, affecting the Focus/Directional and Speech / Language circles. **Irlen Syndrome** directly affects the Focus/Directional Circles through light sensitivity and visual processing difficulties. It doesn’t disrupt posture or coordination but directly impacts visual comfort and processing. **The Important Point**: A child can have retained reflexes, Irlen Syndrome, or both. This is why comprehensive assessment that evaluates all four circles is essential. Recognising the Signs: When to Seek Professional Help #### General Signs of Retained Primitive Reflexes * Difficulty sitting still or maintaining stable posture * Poor coordination, balance, or spatial awareness * Clumsiness or frequent stumbling * Difficulty with fine motor skills (writing, drawing, buttoning) * Poor eye tracking or difficulty following moving objects * Anxiety, sensory sensitivity, or emotional dysregulation * Difficulty focusing or sustaining attention * Avoidance of physical activities or sports * Fidgeting or restlessness, especially during reading or schoolwork * Difficulty copying from the board or taking notes * Reading or writing struggles despite clear eyesight ### When to Seek Assessment Consider a professional assessment if your child shows: * Multiple signs of retained primitive reflexes that persist beyond expected developmental ages * Reading or learning difficulties that don’t improve with standard interventions * Light sensitivity or visual distortions while reading * A combination of coordination, balance, and visual processing difficulties * Anxiety or emotional dysregulation that seems connected to sensory input * Signs that suggest both retained reflexes AND Irlen Syndrome #### Who Can Help? **Behavioural Optometrist**: Specialises in vision development and visual processing; can assess both reflex-related and Irlen-related visual difficulties **Occupational Therapist:** Can assess and treat retained reflexes and developmental delays **Irlen Specialist:** Trained to identify and treat Irlen Syndrome with colour filter testing** Developmental Specialist:** Can evaluate overall developmental progress and identify areas of concern **Institute for Neuro-Physiological Psychology (INPP) practitioner:** Trained to treat neuro-motor immaturity, including retained reflexes #### The Power of Early Intervention Research shows that **early identification and intervention can significantly improve outcomes**. When children’s retained reflexes are integrated or whose Irlen Syndrome is identified, they often experience dramatic improvements in: * **Academic Performance**: Reading speed and comprehension improve dramatically * **Coordination and Balance**: Physical skills develop more normally * **Confidence and Self-Esteem**: Children feel more capable and successful * **Emotional Well-Being:** Anxiety decreases, emotional regulation improves * **Concentration and Focus:** Ability to sustain attention increases * **Social Relationships**: Improved coordination and confidence lead to better peer relationships #### Why Early Intervention Matters The younger a child is when intervention begins, the faster and more complete the improvement typically is. This is because the brain is most plastic (able to change and adapt) during early childhood. However, it’s never too late to start- children and even adults can benefit from appropriate treatment. #### What Treatment Looks Like #### Assessment Professional assessment for retained reflexes and visual processing difficulties is designed to be **non-invasive, child-friendly, and informative**. It typically includes: **Observation and History**: Assessment of posture, movement, and coordination, along with developmental history **Movement Testing**: Specific movements and positions to assess balance, coordination, and postural control **Reflex Checks**: Specialised testing to identify which primitive reflexes remain active **Visual Processing Evaluation**: Assessment of eye tracking, visual field awareness, and light sensitivity **Colour Filter Testing**: For Irlen Syndrome identification (if appropriate) #### Treatment Options **For Retained Reflexes: Reflex Integration Therapy : Specialised exercises and movements designed to integrate retained reflexes Vision Therapy: Structured activities that develop visual skills and improve how the eyes and brain work together Occupational Therapy: Develops motor skills, sensory processing, and daily living skills Multisensory Approaches: Integrates movement, vision, hearing, and touch for comprehensive development **For Irlen Syndrome: Coloured Filters and Overlays : Customised coloured overlays or spectacle filters reduce light sensitivity and improve reading Lighting and Environmental Adjustments: Reducing fluorescent lighting, increasing natural light, and adjusting screen brightness #### A Message to Parents If you recognise signs of retained primitive reflexes or Irlen Syndrome in your child, know that **help is available**. You are not alone in noticing that something seems off. Trust your instincts and seek professional guidance. Many parents describe the moment they discovered their child’s retained reflexes or Irlen Syndrome as a turning point. Suddenly, their child’s struggles made sense. The behaviours that seemed like laziness or defiance were actually symptoms of a neurological condition. And most importantly, once they understood the root cause, they could provide the right support. **You don’t have to figure this out alone**. At Christopher Young Opticians, we specialise in comprehensive developmental and visual processing assessment. We understand that vision is about much more than 20/20 eyesight. We’re here to help you understand your child’s development, identify root causes, and create a plan for success. #### Next Steps If you recognise signs of retained primitive reflexes or Irlen Syndrome in your child: 1. **Observe:** Watch for the signs listed in this article 2. **Document:** Note specific examples of behaviours or difficulties you notice 3. **Trust Your Instincts:** If something seems off, seek professional guidance 4. **Get Assessed: **Contact a behavioural optometrist, occupational therapist, or developmental specialist 5**. Develop a Plan:** Work with professionals to create an intervention plan tailored to your child’s needs 6. **Be Patient:** Reflex integration and visual processing improvements take time, but the results are worth it #### About Christopher Young Opticians At Christopher Young Opticians, we believe that every child deserves the opportunity to build strong foundations for a bright future. Our approach to behavioural optometry goes beyond traditional eye exams to assess how your child’s entire visual system supports learning, coordination, and development. We specialise in: Comprehensive developmental and visual processing assessment Primitive reflex identification and intervention Irlen Syndrome assessment and colour filter solutions Vision therapy and visual development support Behavioural optometry for children If you have questions about your child’s development or would like to schedule a comprehensive assessment, we’d love to hear from you. Contact Christopher Young Opticians today. #### Key Takeaways 1. **Primitive reflexes are essential building blocks of development,** not evolutionary remnants. When properly integrated, they create the neurological foundation for all learning, coordination, and emotional well-being. 2. **Retained reflexes disrupt the foundation,** directly affecting the Anti-Gravity and Centering Circles of Skeffington’s model. This foundational disruption cascades through all other systems, affecting learning, coordination, and emotional regulation. 3**. Irlen Syndrome is a light-based visual processing problem**, not a vision problem or dyslexia. It affects how the brain processes visual information and can cause reading difficulties, light sensitivity, and visual distortions. 4. **Both retained reflexes and Irlen Syndrome are treatable**. Early identification and intervention can significantly improve outcomes across multiple domains of development. 5. **Professional assessment is the crucial first step**. A comprehensive evaluation can identify which reflexes are interfering with development and which visual processing issues are present, guiding appropriate intervention. 6. **Early intervention creates lasting change**. The younger a child is when intervention begins, the faster and more complete the improvement typically is. 7**. Understanding the root cause changes everything**. When you shift from “What is wrong with this child?” to “What is this child’s nervous system trying to tell us?”, you open the door to compassionate, effective intervention that addresses root causes rather than just managing symptoms. #### Resources and Further Reading For more information about primitive reflexes, Irlen Syndrome, and child development, consider exploring: – Behavioural optometry resources and research – Primitive reflex integration therapy information – Irlen Syndrome assessment and treatment options – Skeffington’s Circles and vision development – Child development and neurodevelopmental assessment **Have questions?** Contact Christopher Young Opticians to discuss your child’s development and schedule a comprehensive assessment. This blog post is for informational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical or educational advice. If you have concerns about your child’s development, please consult with qualified healthcare or educational professionals. ## What are the top five varifocal design lenses on the market? - Link: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/what-are-the-top-five-varifocal-design-lenses-on-the-market/ - Published: 2025-03-26T20:38:53+00:00 - Author: Christopher Young Opticians ![Varifocal lens](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/varilux- comfort-ne-250x250.jpg) This result is from Chat GPT: While I cannot research the internet in real-time, I can provide you with an overview of some highly regarded varifocal (progressive) lens brands known for their comfort, quality of vision, ease of use, and adaptability based on existing data up to 2023. Here are five popular varifocal lens options: #### 1. **Varilux X Series (Essilor)**⏎ – **Comfort:** Designed to provide a wide field of view and reduce distortion. – **Quality of Vision:** Offers superior sharpness at various distances thanks to premium technology. – **Ease of Use:** Smooth transition between prescriptions for seamless viewing. – **Ease of Adaptation:** Advanced design reduces the adaptation period for new users. #### 2. **Zeiss Progressive Lens (Individual and Precision)**⏎ – **Comfort:** Customizable to individual wearer’s prescription and preferences for improved comfort. – **Quality of Vision:** High-definition optics enhance clarity at all distances. – **Ease of Use:** Various models tailored for different lifestyles and needs. – **Ease of Adaptation:** Personalization helps minimize adjustment time for first-time progressive users. #### 3. **Hoya Hoyalux iD MyStyle V+**⏎ – **Comfort:** Highly customizable, adapting to individual frame styles and fitting. – **Quality of Vision:** Provides excellent visual clarity through advanced lens design. – **Ease of Use:** Offers practical solutions for both indoor and outdoor environments. – **Ease of Adaptation:** Shorter adaptation period due to the customized fit to wearing habits. #### 4. **Oakley Prizm Progressive Lenses**⏎ – **Comfort:** Designed for active lifestyles with a focus on comfort and stability. – **Quality of Vision:** Excellent color enhancement and contrast for outdoor activities. – **Ease of Use:** Features practical shapes and options for sports and casual use. – **Ease of Adaptation:** A smooth transition for those shifting from single-vision to progressive lenses. #### 5. **Shamir Workspace**⏎ – **Comfort:** Ideal for those who spend long hours at computers; the lens is designed specifically for intermediate and near vision. – **Quality of Vision:** Enhanced focus on screens and reading materials. – **Ease of Use:** Provides an optimal solution for office settings. – **Ease of Adaptation:** Generally well-received by users for a smoother changeover from standard bifocals or single-vision lenses. #### ### Conclusion⏎ Choosing the right varifocal lens can significantly impact comfort and vision quality. When selecting varifocal lenses, it’s important to consult with an eye care professional who can recommend a lens tailored to your specific needs and lifestyle. ## Christopher Young Opticians wins prestigious national award for independent opticians - Link: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/christopher-young-opticians-wins-prestigious-national-award-for-independent-opticians/ - Published: 2025-02-19T11:40:23+00:00 - Author: Christopher Young Opticians Christopher Young Opticians has earned national recognition, winning the prestigious Customer Service Excellence Award at the SightCare Awards 2025. This accolade highlights the practice’s commitment to exceptional patient care and personalized service within the UK’s independent optician community. The award was presented on February 13 by Emma Rawlings, CEO of SightCare, and Daniel Fitzgerald from Switch Advisor. Chris Young, Director of The Young Clinic Ltd, expressed his enthusiasm for the award, emphasizing their dedication to providing outstanding eye care and individual eyewear. The SightCare Awards celebrate independent optical practices that excel in clinical innovation, patient care, and community impact, and Christopher Young Opticians stood out for their thorough understanding of client needs and commitment to building lasting relationships. Located in Shepton Mallet, the optician has served the community for over 30 years, offering expert eye care and a unique, tailored approach to service. For more information about Christopher Young Opticians and their award-winning services, visit www.cyoungopticians.co.uk or call 01749 345259. SEO Keywords: Christopher Young Opticians, Customer Service Excellence Award, SightCare Awards 2025, independent opticians, patient care, eye care services, ## Why Regular Eye Exams Are Your Window to Better Health - Link: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/why-regular-eye-exams-are-your-window-to-better-health/ - Published: 2025-02-12T12:15:53+00:00 - Author: Christopher Young Opticians 👁️ **Your Eye Health Matters!** 👁️ Hi, I’m **Christopher Young**, an **optometrist at Christopher Young Opticians**, and today I’m sharing why **regular eye exams** are about much more than just updating your glasses or contact lenses. Your eyes can reveal **early signs of serious health conditions**, and advanced technology like **OCT scans** and **visual field testing** helps us detect problems before symptoms appear. 🔍 **What Can an Eye Exam Detect?** ✔ **Glaucoma** – The “silent thief of sight” that causes vision loss without symptoms. ✔ **Macular Degeneration (AMD)** – A leading cause of vision loss in older adults. ✔ **Diabetic Retinopathy** – Essential screening for people with **diabetes**. ✔ **Cataracts** – Clouding of the eye’s lens, common with aging. ✔ **High Blood Pressure & Cholesterol** – Your eyes can show warning signs of systemic health issues! 🚀 **Why Choose Christopher Young Opticians?** ✅ **Advanced Technology** – We use **OCT scans & visual field testing** for early detection. ✅ **Personalized Care** – Tailored eye health solutions for your needs. ✅ **Preventative Approach** – Catch problems early before they impact your vision. 📅 **When was your last eye exam?** Don’t wait for symptoms—early detection is key! Schedule your appointment today at **Christopher Young Opticians**. 📌 **Call 01749 345259 or visit our website to book now!** 👍 **Like, comment, and subscribe** for more eye care tips! **#EyeHealth #Optometrist #Glaucoma #MacularDegeneration #DiabeticRetinopathy #Cataracts# OCTScan #VisionCare #EyeExam #ChristopherYoungOpticians** ## Prepare for Winter: Prescription Lenses to Combat Snow Blindness - Link: https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/blog/prepare-for-winter-prescription-lenses-to-combat-snow-blindness/ - Published: 2025-01-15T16:34:48+00:00 - Author: Christopher Young Opticians ![Reflections off a snowy road](https://www.cyoungopticians.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/ 2025/01/Snow-Blindness-250x188.jpg) During the winter, it is important to consider how snow can impact your vision. Snow blindness occurs when the sun’s rays reflect off the snow, leading to damage to the cornea, the window on the front of the eye. The right prescription lenses can help protect your eyes and enhance your winter experience. [Click here to view a video of how to cope with the winter sun.](https://lumen5.com/user/chris-7ik/protect-your-eyes-fr-jig9z/) What is Snow Blindness? Snow blindness is a temporary condition caused by overexposure to UV rays. Symptoms include: – Pain in the eyes – Blurriness – Redness and swelling – Sensitivity to light Why Prescription Lenses Matter Prescription lenses not only correct your vision but also offer protection against harmful UV rays. Wearing the right lenses can reduce the risk of snow blindness and improve your overall eye comfort in bright, snowy conditions. Types of Prescription Lenses for Winter 1. **Polarized Lenses** – Reduce glare from reflective surfaces like snow. – Improve visibility and contrast. – Ideal for skiing, snowboarding, and other outdoor activities. 2. **Photochromic Lenses** – Adjust tint based on light exposure. – Darken in bright sunlight and lighten indoors. – Offer convenient protection as conditions change. 3. **UV Protection Lenses** – Block harmful UV rays that contribute to eye damage.– Essential for winter activities when UV exposure increases due to reflection. 4. **Wraparound Frames** – Provide additional protection from wind and debris. – Offer a wider field of vision. – Useful for outdoor sports enthusiasts. Tips for Protecting Your Eyes This Winter – **Wear Sunglasses**: Always wear sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays when you are outside. – **Consider a Goggles**: Use ski or snowboard goggles for enhanced protection during winter sports. – **Stay Hydrated**: Drink plenty of water to keep your eyes hydrated. Conclusion Preparing for winter with the correct prescription lenses can help you enjoy the season safely. Consider polarized, photochromic, or UV protection lenses to combat snow blindness. Consult your eye care professional to find the best options for your needs. Protecting your eyes will enhance your winter activities and keep your vision clear.